Chinese name:Carbon monoxide
Chemical formula:CO

1. Physical properties
Status: Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and poorly soluble gas. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and poorly soluble gas.
Melting point and boiling point: The melting point of carbon monoxide is -205℃ and the boiling point is -191.5℃.
Solubility: Hardly soluble in water, solubility in water at 20°C is 0.002838g, soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene, and chloroform.

II. CO Preparation Method
1. Carbon monoxide is produced in many industrial processes, such as ammonia synthesis feed gas, yellow phosphorus production tail gas, and blast furnace gas and converter gas in the steel industry. In terms of carbon monoxide resources, the amount of steel plant gas is huge. In situations where the purity of carbon monoxide is high and the demand is not particularly large, carbon monoxide production equipment is often established, or by-product gas with lower processing costs is used. Commonly used methods include the following:

(1) Coke oxygen method.

(2) Carbon dioxide and charcoal reduction method Carbon dioxide is passed into the charcoal layer of the electric furnace and is reduced to carbon monoxide.

(3) Synthetic ammonia copper washing and regeneration gas method.

2. Take a 1L round-bottomed flask, connect it to a ground dropping funnel and a gas outlet tube to make a gas generating device. Add concentrated phosphoric acid accounting for about 2/3 of the total volume, heat the water bath to 80°C, and then slowly drop formic acid. At this time, bubbles will be generated. The gas will pass through a 50% KOH solution and an alkaline solution of sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4). Finally, the gas will pass through KOH, CaCl2 and P2O5 to remove impurities. After the produced gas is liquefied and then fractionated twice, completely pure gas can be produced.

3. To produce CO gas from oxalic acid. Weigh 100g of the anhydrous oxalic acid crystals and place them in a round-bottomed flask. Slowly add 275mL of concentrated sulfuric acid into it. After mixing, slowly heat it until gas begins to be produced (be sure to control the rate of gas generation). Pass the reaction-generated gas through two wash bottles each containing 100mL of 50% KOH solution successively to remove the CO2 gas produced during the reaction.

3. Main uses
chemical industry
In the chemical industry, carbon monoxide is the basis of one-carbon chemistry. As the main component of synthesis gas and various types of coal gas, carbon monoxide is an important raw material for the synthesis of a series of basic organic chemical products and intermediates. Starting from carbon monoxide, almost all basic chemicals can be produced, such as ammonia, phosgene, alcohols, acids, anhydrides, esters, aldehydes, ethers, amines, alkanes and alkenes, etc. At the same time, various homogeneous reaction catalysts required for organic chemical production can be prepared by utilizing the property of carbon monoxide reacting with transition metals to form metal carbonyls or metal carbonyl derivatives. In addition, carbon monoxide can be used as a terminator in polyethylene polymerization reactions.
Metallurgical industry
In the metallurgical industry, carbon monoxide can be used to extract high-purity nickel from raw ores by utilizing the thermal decomposition reaction of carbonyl metals. It can also be used to obtain high-purity powder metals (such as zinc white pigments) and produce certain high-purity metal films (such as tungsten films and molybdenum films). At the same time, carbon monoxide can be used as a reducing agent for refining metals, such as for reducing iron oxides in steelmaking blast furnaces (see "Physical and Chemical Properties·Chemical Properties" for the equation); and in the production of polycrystalline diamond films, research grade carbon monoxide (≥99.99%) can be used to provide a carbon source for the chemical vapor deposition process. In addition, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas) can be used to produce certain special steels, such as direct reduction of iron ore to produce sponge iron.
Other aspects
In addition to its applications in the chemical industry and metallurgical industry, carbon monoxide can also be used as fuel. High-purity carbon monoxide is mainly used as standard gas, carbon monoxide laser, environmental monitoring and scientific research. Among them, carbon monoxide standard gas can be used in the calibration and detection of petrochemical process control instruments, petrochemical product quality control, environmental pollutant detection, automobile exhaust emission detection, mine alarm calibration, various factory exhaust detection, medical instrument calibration, power system transformer oil quality detection, air separation product quality control, traffic safety detection instrument calibration, geological exploration and earthquake monitoring, metallurgical analysis, gas appliance experiments and calorific value analysis, fertilizer industry instrument calibration, etc.
In addition, carbon monoxide is often used to preserve the freshness of fish, meat, fruits, vegetables and bagged rice, especially sashimi. It is also used as a color fixative because it can make meat products ruddy in color. However, as people pay more attention to food safety, relevant research has found that food treated with CO can cause unnecessary harm to the human body.